I bought a magic catcher, placed them on the map, I think at the water fall, did not check what prompt it gave me, since I assumed it was just the "Are you sure you want to do this?" so I just happily clicked yes.

Now I notice that I did not have any licenses at the time. There is no catcher on my map, but I have lost the 5 gold. I wonder what happened with that... Is it completely my own mistake?

You probably have a magic catcher in stock now, waiting to be used.

Nope, I don't.

It shouldn't work like this. Although we tried to reproduce this issue and failed. You aren't able to place a catcher if you don't have any licenses. Maybe there's really some bug here but we don't know how to find it right now and what action sequence can call it. We refunded you a Magic Bomb just in case this is our fault. If you face this problem again, it will help a lot if you will write a step-by-step description of your actions.