Research potential is the time it takes for a squad to get onto the Mirror World (when you select the Battlefield, you may notice that it says Mirror in the top right of the Battlefield window). The Mirror world has the advantage that usually less people are on it since it takes a considerable amount of time to get there.
Now, to make a landing on the Mirror World, you need 5000 Research points. Once you start researching, a counter will tell you how many points you have acumulated yet. Every hour the game adds your squad's total research potential together into your Research pool - this isn't exact though, it may vary up to 50% (so say your Squad's research potential is 100, each hour may add anything between 50 and 150 to your Research pool). Once you reach 5000 points your way is open and you can select a field on the Mirror world to land. So as you can see it may take a very long time to actually make a landing - and once you leave the mirror for any reason, you will have to research your way there again!
You can see each of your pet's research potential on their profile under their Genetic Power and Degeneration. If you hover over the question mark next to the Research Potential number, a little popup window will open. Click on Details in this popup. This will take you to a page where you can see why your pet has a certain research potential and what you can do to increase it.
Long post and I apologize if you knew parts of this already, but since you weren't specific which part you don't understand, I figured I'd give you the whole rundown ;) If something is still not clear, please don't hesitate to either send me a message or to answer here :)